BONDING: A Short Treatise
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چکیده
Before examining what a molecular orbital is, it is good to refresh our memories with respect to the types of bonding that can occur between atoms when molecules are formed. Basically there are two prevalent types of bonding that occur in organic chemistry. (There are several ways that bonding can occur but most of these ways can be classified into two very broad categories.) The first category is called “ionic bonding”. The second category is called “covalent bonding”. Let’s examine these two broad categories separately even though many organic compounds may display both types in the same molecule. Ionic bonding is when an atom or molecular entity transfers its valence electrons completely to another atom or molecular entity so that the bonding force that results is purely electrostatic (held together by opposite charges). The major consequence of an ionic bonding process is that the “Octet Rule” is satisfied for each atom or molecular entity involved in the transfer. Neutral atoms or molecular entities are consequently converted into oppositely charged and stable ions. The ions are attracted to one another but there is no restriction on any distance of separation that must apply. Looking at ionic bonding in a simple atomic example we see that a hydrogen atom can transfer a single valence electron to the valence shell of a chlorine atom. A positively charged hydrogen cation (called a proton) and a negatively charged chloride anion are produced. (See chemical reaction equation below.)
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تاریخ انتشار 2008